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Augmentin

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Indications

Augmentin ES-600, a stronger, oral-suspension form of Augmentin, is indicated for certain stubborn ear infections that previous treatment has failed to clear up in children two and under, or those attending day care.
Augmentin injection is indicated to treat more serious infections, or in cases where Augmentin can't be taken by mouth. It may given to prevent infection following surgery, particularly gastrointestinal, pelvic, major head and neck surgery and after limb amputation. The injection is given by injection or infusion into a vein.
Augmentin injection, tablets, dispersible tablets, suspension and Augmentin suspension all contain the active ingredients amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which together are known as co-amoxiclav. Co-amoxiclav is available without a brand name, ie as the generic drug. Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic, and clavulanic acid is a drug that prevents bacteria from inactivating the amoxicillin. Augmentin is indicated to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Augmentin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that kills a wide variety of bacteria that cause a wide variety of commonly-occuring infections. Co-amoxiclav may be indicated to treat infections of the upper or lower airways, skin or soft tissue, or ears. It may be indicated to treat urine infections, certain sexually-transmitted infections, dental infections, and infections affecting the blood or internal organs.
Augmentin is indicated in the treatment of lower respiratory, middle ear, sinus, skin, and urinary tract infections that are caused by certain specific bacteria. These bacteria produce a chemical enzyme called beta lactamase that makes some infections particularly difficult to treat.
Augmentin works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to form cell walls. The cell walls of bacteria are vital for their survival. They keep unwanted substances from entering their cells and stop the contents of their cells from leaking out. Amoxicillin impairs the bonds that hold the bacterial cell wall together. This allows holes to appear in the cell walls and kills the bacteria.
Augmentin XR is an extended-release form of Augmentin indicated to treat pneumonia and sinus infections.
Certain bacteria are resistant to penicillin-type antibiotics, because they have developed the ability to produce defensive chemicals called beta-lactamases. These interfere with the structure of penicillin-type antibiotics and stop them from working.
Clavulanic acid is a type of drug known as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is included in Augmentin because it inhibits the action of the beta-lactamases produced by certain bacteria. It prevents these bacteria from inactivating the amoxicillin, and leaves the bacteria susceptible to attack. Clavulanic acid therefore increases the range of bacteria that amoxicillin can kill.
To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to co-amoxiclav, your doctor may take a tissue sample, for example a swab from the throat or skin, or a urine or blood sample.

Augmentin is indicated for the treatment of:
- Bacterial infections inside the abdomen, eg peritonitis;
- Bacterial infections of the ears, nose or throat, eg otitis media, tonsillitis;
- Bacterial infections of the genital organs, including those following childbirth or abortion;
- Bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract eg bronchitis, pneumonia;
- Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue, eg cellulitis, animal bites;
- Bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract eg sinusitis;
- Bacterial infections of the urinary tract, in particular recurrent cystitis;
- Dental abscesses;
- Preventing infections following surgery;

Side Effects

Augmentin side effects that you should report to your health care professional or doctor as soon as possible:
- Allergic skin reactions such as rash, itching;
- Blood disorders;
- Convulsions;
- Diarrhoea;
- Dizziness;
- Headache;
- Hyperactivity;
- Indigestion;
- Inflammation of the liver;
- Inflammation of the wall of a vein with a blood clot forming in the affected segment of vein - injection only;
- Nausea;
- Overgrowth of the yeast candida, which may cause infection such as thrush;
- Severe allergic reactions, eg anaphylaxis;
- Tooth discolouration, mainly with the suspension - this can be removed by brushing;
- Vomiting;
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes;
- Diarrhea/loose stools;
- Skin rashes and hives;

Dosage

CHILDREN

Less than 3 months

Augmentin XR has not been studied in children younger than 16 years old and should not be indicated in this group.
Children in this age group take 30 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day, divided into 2 doses and taken every 12 hours.

Older than 3 months

For less severe infections, the usual dose is 25 mg of the 200- or 400-mg suspension for each 2.2 pounds of weight per day, divided into 2 doses, every 12 hours, or 20 mg of the 125- or 250-mg suspension per 2.2 pounds per day, divided into 3 doses, every 8 hours.
For middle ear infections, sinus inflammation, lower respiratory tract infections, and more severe infections, the usual dose of the 200- or 400-mg suspension is 45 mg per 2.2 pounds per day, in 2 doses, every 12 hours, and of the 125- or 250-mg suspension, 40 mg per 2.2 pounds per day, in 3 doses, every 8 hours.
Children weighing 88 pounds or more will take the adult dosage of standard Augmentin.
The usual dosage of Augmentin ES-600 oral suspension is 90 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day, divided into 2 doses taken every 12 hours. Treatment lasts 10 days.

ADULTS

For more severe infections and infections of the respiratory tract, the dose should be one 875-mg tablet every 12 hours or one 500-mg tablet every 8 hours.
The usual adult dose is one 500-mg tablet every 12 hours or one 250-mg tablet every 8 hours.
It is essential that you take Augmentin according to your doctor's directions.

The total daily dose of Augmentin XR is 4,000 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of clavulanate potassium, given in divided doses every 12 hours for 10 days (for sinus infections) or for 7 to 10 days (for pneumonia).